Argan

Argan (Argania spinosa) is an evergreen tree native to southwestern Morocco and parts of Algeria. It forms dense stands known as argan forests in semi-arid regions. The tree is drought-tolerant and typically reaches several meters in height, with a gnarled trunk and spiny branches. It produces small, olive-like fruits containing kernels used to extract argan oil.

Argan oil is pressed from the kernels and has two main uses: culinary and cosmetic. Culinary argan oil is produced by roasting the kernels to give a nutty flavor and is used in traditional dishes and bread. Cosmetic argan oil is often cold-pressed to produce a light, moisturizing oil used in skin and hair care. Production is traditionally labor-intensive and increasingly organized in cooperatives, with women playing a central role in processing and trade.

Conservation and ecology: The argan tree supports biodiversity by stabilizing soils and acting as a windbreak in its native range. It faces threats from deforestation, overgrazing, and land-use change, leading to declines in forest extent. The species is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Conservation efforts focus on sustainable harvesting, reforestation, and the promotion of agroforestry and community-based management of argan stands to maintain both ecological and economic value for local populations.