Antropometrie

Antropometrie, or anthropometry, is the branch of science that concerns the measurement of the human body's size, shape, composition, and proportions. The data derived from anthropometry describe human physical variation and are used to establish reference standards, monitor growth, support clinical assessment, and inform design in areas such as clothing, equipment, and workspaces.

Historically, anthropometry developed in the 19th and early 20th centuries and found applications in criminology, medicine, and anthropology. The Bertillon system popularized the use of body measurements for identification, while modern practice spans ergonomics, sports science, nutrition, and forensic anthropology. Today the field emphasizes standardized collection of a broad set of measures to enable comparability across populations and studies.

Common measurements include stature (height), body weight, limb lengths, and circumferences; skinfold thickness and other body composition estimates; and volume or density assessments obtained with specialized devices. Standardized protocols, such as those promoted by ISAK (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry), specify landmarks, techniques, and subject preparation to improve reliability. Modern approaches combine manual measurements with imaging-based methods like DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) or BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis).

Applications span growth monitoring in pediatrics, nutritional assessment, ergonomic design, sports science, and forensic anthropology. Anthropometric data provide reference datasets, support modeling of physical performance, and aid in health assessments and product development.

Limitations and ethics: measurement error, observer variability, and population-specific reference values can limit generalizability. Privacy, consent, and responsible use are important, as anthropometric data can be sensitive and subject to misinterpretation or discrimination.