Antimykotiká

Antimykotiká, also known as antifungal medications, are a class of drugs used to treat fungal infections. Fungal infections can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, nails, hair, mouth, and internal organs. These infections are caused by pathogenic fungi. Antimykotiká work by either killing the fungus directly (fungicidal effect) or by inhibiting its growth and reproduction (fungistatic effect).

There are several types of antimykotiká, differing in their chemical structure and mechanism of action. Some commonly used classes include azoles, such as clotrimazole and miconazole, which interfere with fungal cell membrane synthesis. Polyenes, like nystatin and amphotericin B, bind to ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes, leading to cell death. Allylamines, such as terbinafine, inhibit an enzyme crucial for ergosterol synthesis. Other classes include echinocandins and pyrimidine analogs.

Antimykotiká can be administered in various forms depending on the location and severity of the infection. Topical formulations, such as creams, ointments, lotions, and powders, are used for superficial skin infections. Oral medications are prescribed for more widespread or systemic fungal infections, while intravenous administration is typically reserved for severe, life-threatening cases. The choice of antimykotikum and its administration route depends on the specific type of fungus causing the infection, the affected body area, and the patient's overall health status. It is important to use antimykotiká as directed by a healthcare professional to ensure effective treatment and minimize the risk of side effects or resistance development.