Anoscope

Anoscope is a medical instrument used in proctology to inspect the anal canal and the lower rectum. It is a short, tubular device, typically rigid, made from metal or plastic, with a viewing window and an integrated light source to illuminate the mucosa. Sizes vary, and many models are designed to be disposable. Anoscopes may be used alone or with a sheath or obturator to facilitate insertion and visualization. In contrast, a proctoscope is longer and designed for deeper inspection of the rectum.

Indications for anoscopy include evaluation of anorectal symptoms such as rectal bleeding, pain, itching, or discharge; assessment of hemorrhoids, fissures, fissures, polyps, or tumors; and guidance for biopsy, cytology sampling, or local therapies. It is often performed as part of a routine proctologic examination.

Technique and setting: anoscopy is typically performed by trained clinicians in a clinical setting. The patient is usually positioned on the side or in a knee-chest position. The anal canal is gently lubricated, and the anoscope is inserted with care to visualize the anal mucosa and the lower rectum. If needed, tissue samples may be obtained through biopsy, and local treatment can be applied through the device.

Safety and alternatives: risks are generally minor and include transient discomfort or bleeding; perforation is rare. Contraindications include acute anorectal infection or significant anal stenosis. Alternatives and complementary methods include digital rectal examination, proctoscopy, and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Sterilization and, in many settings, single-use design are important for infection control.