Anhidrosehypohidrose

Anhidrosehypohidrose is a term used to describe disorders of sweating in which eccrine gland function is reduced (hypohidrosis) or absent (anhidrosis) in one or more areas of the body. Clinically, it is often viewed as a spectrum rather than a single condition, with regional or partial loss of sweating and variable severity.

Causes are categorized as congenital (genetic or developmental) and acquired. Congenital forms include conditions that affect sweat glands or autonomic innervation, such as certain ectodermal dysplasias or inherited disorders of sweat production. Acquired causes include autonomic neuropathies from diabetes or other systemic diseases, neurological disorders, skin damage (burns, scarring), inflammatory or infectious skin conditions that obstruct sweat ducts, and medications with anticholinergic or sympatholytic effects. Environmental heat exposure and dehydration can worsen symptoms.

Symptoms typically involve reduced or absent sweating in affected areas, leading to heat intolerance and an increased risk of heat-related illness. The skin in involved areas may be dry or normal, and some individuals may experience flushing or discomfort during heat exposure. Sweating may be preserved in unaffected regions.

Diagnosis relies on clinical history and physical examination, supported by tests such as the Minor’s starch-iodine test or a thermoregulatory sweat test to map sweating distribution. Autonomic function testing and skin or nerve studies may help identify underlying causes.

Management focuses on heat avoidance and cooling strategies, adequate hydration, and treatment of any underlying condition. In congenital cases, genetic counseling and multidisciplinary care are common. Prognosis varies with cause and extent of involvement; acquired forms may improve if the underlying condition is treated.