Angiomen

Angiomen is a term used in some sources to describe angiomas, benign vascular lesions composed of blood vessels. In contemporary medical usage, angioma is the standard term, with plural angiomas or angiomata. Angiomas can be superficial or deep and may be present at birth or develop later in life. They range from small skin lesions to larger, complex vascular malformations and are usually noncancerous.

Classification distinguishes vascular tumors from vascular malformations. Subtypes include capillary, cavernous, venous, and arteriovenous lesions. Capillary angiomas are small red to purple papules; infantile capillary hemangiomas (strawberry marks) often appear after birth and may involute over years. Cavernous angiomas are larger, soft, and can feel spongy or be bluish. Venous malformations are typically soft, compressible, and bluish and are usually present at birth. Arteriovenous malformations are high-flow lesions that may cause warmth, pulsation, or bleeding. Reactive lesions such as pyogenic granuloma are sometimes discussed alongside angiomas.

Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination; imaging helps determine depth and flow characteristics. Ultrasound with Doppler is commonly used, and MRI provides detailed assessment for deeper or extensive lesions. Biopsy is rarely needed unless cancer cannot be excluded.

Treatment and prognosis depend on type, size, location, and symptoms. Many mild angiomas require no treatment. For problematic or cosmetic lesions, options include laser therapy (for superficial lesions), sclerotherapy, cryotherapy, or surgical excision. Deep or extensive vascular malformations may require multidisciplinary management, including interventional radiology procedures such as embolization, or staged surgical approaches. Most benign angiomas have a favorable prognosis, though malformations may persist or progress and carry higher risks of bleeding or functional impairment depending on location.