Anginaa

Anginaa is a term used in several languages to refer to acute tonsillitis, a throat infection characterized by sudden sore throat, fever, swollen tonsils, and often white patches. In medical English, the term angina usually refers to angina pectoris, chest pain due to coronary artery disease, so the two uses are distinct in different contexts. The throat infection is most commonly caused by viruses, though bacteria such as group A Streptococcus can cause bacterial tonsillitis.

Symptoms typically include sore throat, painful swallowing, fever, swollen cervical lymph nodes, and headache. In children, there may be drooling, fever, and reduced appetite; in adults there may also be a cough. The appearance of the tonsils can help differentiate causes, but tests are often needed for confirmation.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on history and throat examination. A rapid strep test or throat culture may confirm group A Streptococcus. More severe symptoms, dehydration, difficulty breathing or swallowing, or suspicion of a peritonsillar abscess require prompt medical evaluation.

Treatment depends on the cause. Viral infections are managed with analgesics, fluids, rest, and home care. Bacterial tonsillitis may require antibiotics, typically penicillin or amoxicillin. Recurrent or chronic tonsillitis may prompt consideration of tonsillectomy in selected cases. Pain relief often uses acetaminophen or NSAIDs, along with hydration and saltwater gargles. Antibiotics should be used judiciously to avoid unnecessary resistance.

Angina pectoris, in contrast, is chest pain from heart ischemia and is a separate condition. It requires urgent assessment, especially with prolonged chest pain, shortness of breath, or sweating. Treatments include nitrates, antiplatelet therapy, and risk-factor modification.

Prevention focuses on good hygiene to reduce infections and, for cardiovascular angina, modification of risk factors such as smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, and physical activity.