Anemíu

Anemíu is a term used in some languages to denote a medical condition in which the blood carries insufficient oxygen to body tissues. It corresponds to the condition commonly known in English as anemia. The core problem is a reduced number of red blood cells or a lower concentration of hemoglobin, the protein that binds and transports oxygen.

Causes of anemíu are varied. They include iron deficiency from inadequate intake or chronic blood loss, chronic diseases such as kidney disease, and deficiencies of vitamin B12 or folate. Other causes encompass bone marrow disorders, genetic conditions like sickle cell disease or thalassemias, pregnancy, and certain medications or toxins. In some cases, ongoing blood loss or impaired production of red blood cells contributes to the condition.

Common signs and symptoms include persistent fatigue, weakness, pallor, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, and cold intolerance. In more severe cases, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, or fainting can occur. The presentation often depends on the underlying cause and the degree of anemia.

Anemíu is categorized into several types. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widespread globally. Megaloblastic anemia results from B12 or folate deficiency. Other forms include aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and genetic disorders such as sickle cell disease and thalassemias. Diagnosis typically involves a complete blood count showing low hemoglobin and hematocrit, along with indices such as mean corpuscular volume. Additional tests may assess iron status, B12 and folate levels, reticulocyte count, and potential sources of blood loss or chronic disease.

Treatment aims to correct the underlying cause and replenish red blood cells. This may involve iron, B12, or folate supplementation, dietary adjustments, management of chronic diseases, or blood transfusions in severe cases. In certain chronic conditions, specialized therapies may be used. Prognosis varies with cause and response to treatment. Prevention focuses on a balanced diet, addressing nutritional deficiencies, and monitoring at-risk populations.