Amplifikatorid

Amplifikatorid are electronic devices that increase the amplitude of electrical signals. The term comes from the Latin verb “amplificare,” meaning to enlarge, and is widely used in fields ranging from telecommunications to audio engineering. An amplifier typically receives a weak input signal and outputs a stronger signal with the same waveform, while preserving key characteristics such as frequency and phase as much as possible.

There are several major classes of amplifiers, classified by how they use power. Class A amplifiers drive a single transistor or tube continuously throughout the signal cycle, providing high linearity but low efficiency. Class B amplifiers use two complementary devices, each active for half the input cycle, improving efficiency at the cost of slight crossover distortion. Classes C, D, and F are non‑linear variants that use switching or resonant techniques to achieve high efficiency in radio-frequency and audio applications.

Amplifiers appear in a multitude of contexts. In telecommunications, they extend the reach of signals across copper or fiber links. Radios use amplifiers to increase receiver sensitivity or transmit power. Audio equipment, from small portable devices to professional sound systems, relies on amplifiers to drive loudspeakers. In instrumentation, precision amplifiers such as operational amplifiers (op‑amps) provide critical voltage or current gain for sensors and data acquisition systems.

Modern amplifier design benefits from semiconductor technology, allowing compact, low‑power, high‑performance devices. Advances in simulation, integrated circuits, and digital‑analog conversion have expanded amplifier capabilities, enabling complex functions such as frequency‑selective filtering, equalization, and automatic gain control. As a result, amplifiers remain fundamental components in almost all electronic systems.