Allergikoita

Allergikoita, or allergies, are immune system responses to substances that are typically harmless. These substances, known as allergens, can trigger an overreaction in the body, leading to various symptoms. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods, insect stings, and medications.

Allergies occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies an allergen as a threat. This prompts the release of chemicals like histamine, which cause allergic reactions. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include sneezing, itching, watery eyes, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis in extreme cases.

Allergies can develop at any age, though they often appear in childhood. Genetic factors play a role, as having a family history of allergies increases the likelihood of developing them. Environmental exposures, such as early exposure to allergens or changes in diet, may also influence susceptibility.

Diagnosis typically involves skin prick tests, blood tests to measure allergen-specific antibodies, or elimination diets for food allergies. Treatment focuses on avoiding allergens, managing symptoms with medications like antihistamines, and, in severe cases, emergency epinephrine for anaphylaxis. Immunotherapy, such as allergy shots or sublingual tablets, can help desensitize the immune system over time.

While allergies cannot always be prevented, reducing exposure to known allergens and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help minimize symptoms. Proper management and awareness are key to living comfortably with allergies.