Alevism

Alevism is a religious and cultural tradition practiced primarily by the Alevi community, which is primarily found in Turkey, as well as in parts of the Balkans and the Middle East. It is often considered a branch of Islam, but it diverges significantly from mainstream Sunni and Shia practices. Alevism emphasizes a spiritual, egalitarian approach to religion, with a focus on love, humanism, and social justice.

Central to Alevi belief is the veneration of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, and other imams. Rituals and practices often include communal gatherings called "celas" or "sohbet," where poetry, music, and dance—particularly the semah ritual—are used to express spiritual devotion. Alevis place a strong emphasis on ethical conduct, community solidarity, and respect for diversity.

Alevi theology is characterized by a non-literal interpretation of Islamic doctrines and a focus on inner spirituality. Unlike Sunni or Shia traditions, Alevis generally do not observe obligatory daily prayers, fasting during Ramadan, or pilgrimage to Mecca, although these elements may be appreciated culturally or historically.

Historically, Alevis have faced persecution and discrimination, which has shaped their communal identity and practices. Despite their distinct beliefs, Alevis often identify as Muslims and share common cultural heritage with other Muslim communities.

Although the Alevi community is diverse and practices can vary locally, their shared emphasis on tolerance, social justice, and spiritual introspection distinguishes Alevism as a unique religious tradition within the broader Islamic and Middle Eastern religious landscape.