spirituality

Spirituality is a broad and heterogeneous concept referring to the search for meaning, purpose, values, or a sense of connection to something greater than oneself. It encompasses beliefs and experiences that give life significance, including transcendence, inner growth, and moral orientation. Unlike organized religion, which is tied to specific institutions and creeds, spirituality is not inherently linked to particular rituals or dogma; however, many people identify spiritual beliefs within religious contexts, and spirituality can exist independently of religion.

Core elements commonly cited include a sense of interconnectedness with others, nature, or the cosmos; practices that cultivate awareness or compassion; and experiences of awe, wonder, or mystery. Sources of inspiration can be personal reflection, meditation, prayer, mindfulness, art, music, or service to others.

Practices vary widely and may involve contemplation, ritual, ethical living, gratitude, or communal gatherings. Spirituality can be secular or religious, individual or communal, and it is expressed differently across cultures and historical periods.

In research and public discourse, spirituality is studied in relation to well-being, mental health, ethics, and coping with life challenges. Critics argue that the term is vague, prone to overreach, or commercialized, and that plural interpretations can breed confusion or conflict. Overall, spirituality denotes a search for meaning and connection that transcends the ordinary and can be pursued through diverse beliefs, practices, and experiences, ranging from silent reflection to engaged service.