Alergista

Alergista (allergist) is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases and immune system disorders. In many countries the term corresponds to the English-language specialty of allergy and clinical immunology or, more simply, allergist. Training typically requires medical school, followed by a residency in internal medicine or pediatrics, and a fellowship in allergy and immunology. Certification or accreditation requirements vary by country.

Scope of practice includes evaluating patients with allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, drug allergies, contact dermatitis, and venom reactions. Allergists may also manage immune-mediated conditions beyond classic allergies, including certain autoimmune or hypersensitivity disorders.

Diagnostic methods include comprehensive history, physical examination, skin prick or intradermal testing, serum-specific IgE testing, imaging as needed, and, in some cases, oral food challenges or nasal endoscopy. Spirometry and other lung-function tests are used for asthma evaluation.

Treatment options include avoidance strategies, pharmacotherapy (antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators), and, in appropriate cases, immunotherapy such as subcutaneous or sublingual allergen immunotherapy. Emergency planning for anaphylaxis and education on epinephrine auto-injectors are part of care. The role of the alergista is often as part of a multidisciplinary team, coordinating with primary care physicians, pediatricians, dermatologists, and pulmonologists.