Alergij

Alergij is a medical condition characterized by an exaggerated immune response to substances that are normally harmless. These substances, known as allergens, can include pollen, dust mites, certain foods, animal dander, and insect stings. When an allergic individual encounters an allergen, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat and releases chemicals, such as histamine, which trigger a range of symptoms.

The manifestation of allergic reactions can vary significantly. Common symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, skin rashes like hives, and swelling. In more severe cases, allergic reactions can lead to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition that can cause difficulty breathing, a drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. Food allergies and insect sting allergies are particularly associated with anaphylaxis.

Diagnosis of alergij typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and specific allergy testing. These tests may include skin prick tests, where small amounts of allergens are introduced to the skin, or blood tests that measure the levels of specific antibodies.

Management of alergij focuses on avoiding known allergens and treating the symptoms. Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and decongestants are commonly used medications to alleviate mild to moderate symptoms. For severe reactions, epinephrine (adrenaline) is administered immediately. While there is no cure for allergies, lifestyle modifications and medical interventions can significantly improve the quality of life for affected individuals. Research continues to explore new treatments and potential cures for various allergic conditions.