Alectoris

Alectoris is a genus of medium-sized, ground-dwelling birds in the pheasant family Phasianidae, commonly known as rock partridges. They occur in southern Europe, North Africa, and western Asia, typically inhabiting rocky hillsides, dry scrub, and cultivated landscapes where cover and food are available.

Members of the genus are stocky with short tails, stout bills, and strong legs. Plumage tends to be brown, grey, or rufous with distinctive facial markings, and males and females are often similar in appearance. Outside the breeding season, they commonly form small to large coveys.

The genus includes several widely recognized species, notably Alectoris graeca (Greek partridge), Alectoris chukar (Chukar partridge), Alectoris rufa (red-legged partridge), and Alectoris barbara (Barbary partridge). These species have different geographic ranges but share general ecological traits, such as preference for arid or semi-arid environments with scattered cover and a diet primarily of seeds and plant matter, supplemented by invertebrates.

Breeding typically occurs on the ground. Females lay clutches of 6-14 eggs in a simple nest, and incubation lasts about 18-23 days. The young are precocial, able to forage soon after hatching, and fledge after several weeks. Adult birds defend territories or display during courtship, and birds may form coveys outside the breeding season.

Conservation status varies by species and region. Habitat destruction, hunting, and agricultural practices can impact populations, while some areas have introduced Alectoris birds for game hunting. They are valued for their role in dry-land ecosystems and, where present, are managed as game species.