Aivolohkot

Aivolohkot, or cerebral lobes, are the major subdivisions of the cerebrum defined by the patterns of the brain’s folds and sulci. In humans they are traditionally described as four main lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. The insular cortex is often considered a functional region located within the lateral sulcus rather than a separate lobe.

The frontal lobe is associated with voluntary movement, planning and decision making, executive function, and aspects of personality and behavior. The parietal lobe processes somatosensory information, integrates spatial orientation, and contributes to perception. The temporal lobe handles auditory processing, language comprehension, and memory formation. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing and interpretation.

Boundaries between the lobes are defined by prominent fissures and sulci: the central sulcus (Rolandic fissure) separates the frontal from the parietal lobe, the lateral (Sylvian) fissure helps separate the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe, and the parieto-occipital sulcus marks the border between the parietal and occipital lobes. Individual variation exists in the exact anatomy, but the four-lobe organization is a standard framework for describing cortical function.

Developmentally, the lobes arise as regions of the cerebrum during embryonic neural development. Clinically, localized damage to a lobe can produce characteristic deficits: frontal lobe lesions can affect planning and behavior, parietal lobe injuries can disrupt sensation and spatial processing, temporal lobe damage can impair memory and language, and occipital lobe pathology can disturb vision. See also cerebrum and cerebral cortex for broader context.