AfroDominicans

AfroDominicans refer to people of predominantly African descent who reside in the Dominican Republic. Their ancestry stems from the enslaved Africans brought to the island during the colonial period, primarily between the 16th and 19th centuries. The Dominican Republic, like much of the Caribbean, has a complex racial and ethnic history shaped by colonialism, slavery, and subsequent immigration waves.

The population of AfroDominicans is estimated to constitute around 16–25% of the country’s total population, though exact figures vary due to historical undercounting and social stigma. Many AfroDominicans face systemic discrimination, often referred to as *colorismo* or *prejuicio de color*, which privileges lighter-skinned individuals in society. This discrimination manifests in various aspects of life, including employment, education, and social mobility.

Historically, the Dominican Republic’s racial identity has been influenced by Spanish colonial policies that promoted racial mixing (*mestizaje*) while simultaneously enforcing hierarchical racial structures. The 19th-century Haitian occupation (1822–1844) further complicated racial dynamics, as Dominican nationalism often emphasized distinctions from Haiti, which has a larger Black population. This led to the myth of the "Dominican Republic as a white nation," despite its African roots.

AfroDominican culture is rich and diverse, contributing significantly to the country’s music, dance, cuisine, and religious traditions. Styles like *merengue* and *bachata* have African rhythmic influences, while AfroDominican religious practices blend Catholicism with traditions such as *palos* and *congo*, which honor African deities. Despite these cultural contributions, AfroDominicans have historically been marginalized in media representation and political discourse.

Efforts to address racial inequality have gained momentum in recent years, with movements advocating for greater recognition of AfroDominican heritage and rights. In 2022, the Dominican Republic officially recognized Afrodescendant communities, marking a step toward greater inclusion. However, challenges remain in achieving full social and economic parity.