Adrenaalivaje

Adrenaalivaje, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a medical condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, primarily cortisol and sometimes aldosterone. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and stress response. The condition can be primary, meaning the adrenal glands themselves are damaged, or secondary, caused by insufficient production of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the adrenal glands.

Common causes of primary adrenal insufficiency include autoimmune diseases, such as Addison's disease, where the body's immune system attacks the adrenal glands. Infections like tuberculosis, certain cancers, and bleeding into the adrenal glands can also lead to primary adrenal insufficiency. Secondary adrenal insufficiency is often caused by pituitary tumors, head injuries, or the sudden withdrawal of long-term corticosteroid medication.

Symptoms of adrenaalivaje can develop gradually and may include fatigue, muscle weakness, unexplained weight loss, low blood pressure, dizziness, and cravings for salt. In severe cases, particularly during times of stress or illness, individuals may experience an adrenal crisis, a life-threatening condition characterized by severe abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure hormone levels and imaging studies. Treatment usually involves hormone replacement therapy, most commonly with hydrocortisone and sometimes fludrocortisone, to supplement the body's deficient hormone production. Lifelong management is often necessary.