Adjuster

An adjuster is a professional who evaluates and settles claims for insurance companies, government agencies, or self-insured entities. The term can also refer to a mechanical component—a device such as a screw, knob, or wheel used to adjust a setting or alignment.

In the insurance industry, adjusters investigate losses to determine coverage and liability, estimate damages, and negotiate settlements. They may work as staff adjusters for insurers, or as independent or public adjusters who handle claims on behalf of insured parties. Field adjusters visit sites, interview claimants and witnesses, review police and medical reports, and coordinate with experts such as appraisers, engineers, or medical professionals. Desk or staff adjusters review documentation, authorize payments within their authority, and prepare settlement offers. The process often involves documenting findings, assessing policy terms, and communicating with claimants to explain decisions.

Licensing and training requirements vary by jurisdiction and claim type. Most areas require an adjuster license, with pre-licensing education, passing a state exam, and continuing education. Some claims—such as auto, property, or workers’ compensation—may require separate licenses. Many adjusters begin with on-the-job training and may pursue professional designations such as the Associate in Claims or Certified Claims Professional to advance.

Skills common to the role include communication, negotiation, analytical thinking, attention to detail, and proficiency with claims management and estimating software. Working conditions can include irregular hours, site visits, and tight deadlines, with heavy caseloads during peak periods.

As a hardware term, an adjuster describes a component used to adjust settings, tension, or alignment in machinery or devices.