Adiponecrosis

Adiponecrosis is a medical condition characterized by the death of adipose tissue, commonly known as fat tissue. This necrosis can occur due to various factors, including trauma, cold exposure, or compromised blood supply to the fatty tissue.

The most common form of adiponecrosis is subcutaneous fat necrosis, which typically presents as firm, erythematous nodules or plaques in the skin. These lesions can be painful and may ulcerate, releasing a thick, oily material. Subcutaneous fat necrosis is often associated with conditions like cold exposure (frostbite), trauma, or in newborns, it can be a transient phenomenon related to birth trauma or hypothermia.

Another form, pancreatic fat necrosis, occurs in the setting of pancreatitis. Inflammation of the pancreas can lead to the release of digestive enzymes that autodigest surrounding fatty tissues, forming characteristic chalky white deposits. These lesions can be found within the pancreas itself or in surrounding abdominal structures.

Diagnosis of adiponecrosis usually involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies, and a biopsy of the affected tissue. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the extent of the necrosis. In many cases, conservative management and addressing the precipitating factor are sufficient. However, surgical intervention may be required for significant necrosis, infection, or ulceration.