Adipokiines

Adipokines are a group of protein hormones secreted by adipose tissue, commonly known as body fat. These molecules play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, extending beyond simple energy storage. Adipokines influence metabolism, appetite, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and vascular function. Examples of well-known adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and TNF-alpha.

Leptin, for instance, signals satiety to the brain, helping to control food intake and body weight. Adiponectin is generally associated with improved insulin sensitivity and anti-inflammatory effects, often found at lower levels in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Resistin, on the other hand, has been linked to insulin resistance. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that can also be produced by adipose tissue and contributes to insulin resistance.

The balance and function of adipokines are complex and influenced by factors such as body fat percentage, diet, and physical activity. Dysregulation of adipokine production and signaling is implicated in the development of various metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain inflammatory conditions. Research continues to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting adipokines for the treatment of these diseases.