Acepromazine

Acepromazine, also known by its chemical name promethazine, is a phenothiazine derivative primarily used as a tranquilizer and antiemetic in veterinary medicine. It is commonly administered to dogs, cats, and other animals to induce sedation, reduce anxiety, and control vomiting. The drug works by affecting certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine, which helps to calm the central nervous system.

Acepromazine is available in various formulations, including injectable solutions and oral tablets, and is often used before surgical procedures to minimize stress and facilitate easier handling of animals. It is also employed in combination with other medications for anesthesia induction. However, its use in cats is generally discouraged due to potential adverse effects, such as prolonged sedation or respiratory depression.

Common side effects of acepromazine include hypotension (low blood pressure), bradycardia (slow heart rate), and mild sedation. In rare cases, it may cause allergic reactions or extrapyramidal symptoms, such as muscle tremors or twitching. The drug should be used with caution in animals with pre-existing cardiovascular or hepatic conditions, as well as those prone to seizures.

Dosage varies depending on the species, weight, and intended use, and it should always be prescribed and administered by a veterinarian. Overdose can lead to severe sedation, coma, or even death, emphasizing the importance of proper dosing and monitoring. Acepromazine is not approved for use in humans but has been studied for potential applications in treating nausea and psychosis in certain medical contexts.