Acacias

Acacia is a large genus of flowering plants in the legume family (Fabaceae) that includes shrubs and trees found in warm temperate and tropical regions. The genus is especially diverse in Australia and Africa, with more than 1,000 described species. In many regions the plants are commonly known as acacia, though in Australia the name wattle is also widely used.

Most species bear compound leaves, but many Australian acacias have phyllodes instead of true leaves. Flowers occur in dense heads or spikes, usually yellow or cream, and are followed by flattened pods containing seeds.

Ecology and distribution: Acacias are typically fast-growing and drought-tolerant. Many form symbiotic nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, enriching soils. They contribute to soil stabilization, reforestation, and provide resources for pollinators and honey. Some species have become invasive when introduced outside their native range.

Uses: Timber from certain species is valued for fencing, furniture, and construction. Gums produced by species such as Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal are sources of gum arabic used in food, pharmaceuticals, and industry. Acacias are also used ornamentally, as shade trees, windbreaks, and for erosion control, as well as forage in some systems.

Taxonomy: The genus Acacia has undergone significant revision. Many African species have been reassigned to genera such as Senegalia and Vachellia, while the name Acacia is retained for the Australian group and for a large subset of species. Taxonomic placement varies by region and database, so current classification should be checked in authoritative sources.