Abrocomidae

Abrocomidae is a family of rodents comprising two extant genera, Abrocomas and Cuscomys, commonly known as chinchilla rats. These South American rodents are native to the Andes Mountains, inhabiting arid and semi-arid regions at high elevations.

Abrocomids are characterized by their robust bodies, large eyes, and soft, dense fur, which provides insulation against the cold mountain climate. Their diet consists primarily of grasses, roots, and other vegetation. They are social animals, often living in burrows or rock crevices.

The genus Abrocomas includes several species, such as the common chinchilla rat (Abrocomas cinereus) and the Andean chinchilla rat (Abrocomas fulvus). These species vary in size and coloration. The genus Cuscomys, on the other hand, is represented by fewer species, with the Andean mountain mouse (Cuscomys ashaninka) being a notable example.

Chinchilla rats play a role in their ecosystem as herbivores and prey for larger animals. Their burrowing activities can also influence soil structure. Conservation concerns exist for some species due to habitat loss and fragmentation caused by human activities. Research into their behavior, genetics, and ecological roles continues to expand our understanding of this unique rodent family.