Abilitiescognitive

Abilitiescognitive is a term used to describe the mental processes by which individuals perceive, learn, remember, reason, and solve problems. They enable individuals to interpret sensory input, acquire knowledge, and adapt to new situations. In psychology, cognitive abilities are studied as components of intelligence and learning, distinct from motivation or personality.

Core domains include attention (sustained and selective), memory (short-term, working, and long-term), language, executive function, processing speed, perceptual abilities, and problem solving. Some theories posit a general cognitive factor, while others describe multiple broad and narrow domains that interact to produce performance.

Assessment uses standardized batteries and neuropsychological tests to profile strengths and weaknesses. Research frameworks such as the general intelligence factor and the CHC model organize results into broad abilities and specific skills.

Development and aging affect cognitive abilities. Abilities improve through childhood and adolescence, stabilize in early adulthood for many tasks, and may decline with aging or neurological conditions. Education, nutrition, sleep, health, and cognitive training can influence trajectories.

Applications include education planning, clinical assessment of cognitive disorders, rehabilitation after injury, and selection in roles with high cognitive demands. Ethical considerations address test bias, informed consent, privacy, and the potential impact of labeling.