ATRs

ATRs is an acronym that can refer to several distinct concepts across different fields. The most widely encountered meanings include a financial indicator, a European regional aircraft manufacturer, and a human gene/protein. Additional uses appear in defense technologies and other technical domains.

In finance, ATR stands for Average True Range. It is a volatility measure introduced by J. Wilder Jr. and used to quantify market volatility over a specified period, commonly 14 days. The True Range for a day is the greatest of three values: the high minus the low, the absolute value of the high minus the previous close, and the absolute value of the low minus the previous close. The ATR is typically computed as a moving average of the True Range. Traders use ATR to estimate risk and to set position sizing and stop-loss levels. It is a non-directional measure, reflecting how much the price moves, rather than what direction it moves in. Limitations include lag and a potential for misinterpretation during periods of sudden volatility shocks.

In aviation, ATR refers to a European aircraft manufacturer best known for its regional turboprop airliners, such as the ATR 42 and ATR 72. The company was formed as a joint venture between European aerospace companies to produce efficient regional aircraft. ATR aircraft are widely used on short-haul routes around the world and are noted for their fuel efficiency and ability to operate from smaller airports.

In biology, ATR stands for Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein. It is a serine/threonine protein kinase encoded by the ATR gene and plays a central role in the cellular response to DNA damage and replication stress. ATR helps regulate cell cycle checkpoints and genome stability; inhibitors of ATR are being explored as potential cancer therapies.

Other uses include Automatic Target Recognition in defense and imaging contexts, which denotes systems capable of identifying targets within sensor data. The acronym ATRs thus covers multiple, unrelated concepts across disciplines.