APOEe4

The apolipoprotein E gene, commonly known as APOE, is a gene located on chromosome 19. This gene plays a role in the metabolism of fats, including cholesterol, in the body. There are three main variations, or alleles, of the APOE gene: APOE e2, APOE e3, and APOE e4. These alleles are inherited from parents, meaning individuals can have different combinations of these alleles. For example, a person can have two copies of APOE e3, one APOE e2 and one APOE e3, or other combinations.

The APOE e4 allele is of particular interest in scientific research due to its association with an increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Having one copy of the APOE e4 allele increases an individual's risk, while having two copies further elevates this risk. It is important to note that carrying the APOE e4 allele does not guarantee that a person will develop Alzheimer's disease, nor does the absence of APOE e4 mean a person is immune to the disease. Many other genetic and environmental factors contribute to Alzheimer's risk.

Research into APOE e4 focuses on understanding its precise mechanisms of action, how it influences brain health, and whether interventions can mitigate its associated risks. Genetic testing for APOE status is available, but its use is often debated due to the complex nature of disease risk and the current lack of definitive preventative treatments solely based on APOE genotype. The APOE gene's function extends beyond Alzheimer's risk, impacting cardiovascular health and other biological processes.