AHAsyror

AHAsyror, commonly known as alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs), are a class of water-soluble organic acids used primarily in cosmetics and dermatology for chemical exfoliation. The term AHAsyror reflects the Swedish naming for these substances. The most common members are glycolic acid (from sugar cane), lactic acid (from milk), mandelic, citric, malic, and tartaric acids. AHAs act by loosening the desmosomal bonds between corneocytes in the outermost skin layer, promoting shedding of the stratum corneum and improving moisture retention.

AHAs are used for a range of skin benefits, including improved texture and tone, reduction of fine lines, treatment of hyperpigmentation, and support for acne-prone skin. They are typically formulated in cleansers, toners, serums, and professional peels. Over-the-counter products usually contain about 5 to 20 percent AHAs, while higher concentrations are used in professional settings. The depth of exfoliation and efficacy depend on both concentration and product pH; lower pH increases activity but can also raise irritation risk.

Safety and guidelines emphasize that AHAs can cause irritation, redness, and photosensitivity, particularly for sensitive skin or with sun exposure. Patch testing is advised, and daily sunscreen is essential during and after use. AHAs may interact with other retinoids and exfoliants, potentially increasing irritation. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult a clinician before use.

Historically, AHAs have been employed in dermatology since the mid-20th century, with glycolic and lactic acids among the earliest popularized agents. In many jurisdictions, AHAs are regulated as cosmetic ingredients subject to safety labeling and usage guidelines.