5GC

5GC stands for the fifth generation core network and is the central component of the 5G system’s core network. It provides the control and user plane functions required to support 5G services and connects the 5G radio access network (5G NR). Designed as a cloud-native, modular, service-based architecture, 5GC aims to deliver flexible deployment, rapid scaling, and automated management. It supports standalone operation and can interwork with legacy networks in non-standalone deployments, while delivering lower latency, higher throughput, and enhanced security.

The 5GC is built around a service-based architecture in which network functions communicate through standardized, service-enabled interfaces over HTTP-based protocols. Network functions register their services in a Network Repository Function and can be discovered and invoked by other functions. Core network functions include: AMF, SMF, UPF, AUSF, UDM, UDR, PCF, NRF, NSSF, NEF, and AF.

Key functions and roles: AMF handles access and mobility management; SMF controls session management and signaling with the UPF; UPF carries user data traffic; AUSF supports subscriber authentication; UDM stores subscriber data; UDR stores policy and subscription data; PCF provides policy rules; NRF maintains information about available NFs; NSSF selects network slices; NEF exposes network capabilities; AF provides application-level information to influence policy.

Deployment and capabilities: 5GC supports standalone and non-standalone deployments, enables network slicing for different use cases (eMBB, URLLC, mMTC), and integrates with edge computing. It uses containerized, cloud-native implementation to improve scalability and resilience.

Security and interfaces: The architecture emphasizes strong authentication, integrity, and encryption, with mutual authentication between user equipment and network aided by AUSF and AMF, plus policy and subscriber controls.