4G5GRAN

4G5GRAN is a term used to describe a converged radio access network architecture that integrates 4G LTE and 5G NR into a single, multi-mode platform. The goal is to enable operators to run both generations on shared hardware and software, allowing a smoother transition to 5G and more efficient use of spectrum and infrastructure.

In a 4G5GRAN deployment, radio units, distributed units, and centralized units can host both 4G and 5G software stacks. The architecture supports simultaneous operation of E-UTRA and NR air interfaces, with a control and user plane split designed to accommodate non-standalone operation using existing core networks and, in standalone scenarios, a 5G Core. This approach emphasizes modularity and the ability to scale capacity by adding carriers or bands without replacing the entire RAN.

A typical 4G5GRAN deployment relies on shared backhaul, cloud-native orchestration, and unified management to enable dynamic resource allocation, smooth handovers, and consistent signaling across generations. It aims to facilitate carrier aggregation and seamless mobility between 4G and 5G. Core network choices—such as using an EPC for NSA or a 5G Core for SA—influence protocol stacks, Service-Based Architecture adoption, and subscriber data management.

The term is not a formal standard but a descriptive concept used by network equipment vendors and operators to describe converged or dual-mode RAN solutions. Implementations vary by vendor and market, with marketing often labeling these solutions as converged RAN, unified RAN, or dual-mode RAN. See also 4G LTE, 5G NR, NSA, SA, and Open RAN.