31tone

31tone is a microtonal tuning system that divides the octave into 31 equal steps. This system is also known as 31-ET, 31-EDO, or 31-TET. It is one of the most consonant and practical microtonal temperaments, offering a rich harmonic palette that can approximate many intervals found in just intonation with a high degree of accuracy.

The history of 31-tone equal temperament is often attributed to Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch scientist, who explored its mathematical properties in the 17th century. However, its practical implementation and exploration as a musical system gained momentum much later, particularly in the 20th and 21st centuries. Composers and theorists have utilized 31-tone temperament to explore new harmonic possibilities and re-evaluate traditional Western tonality.

Instruments capable of playing 31-tone temperament include specially designed keyboards, guitars with adjustable frets, and electronic instruments. Due to the increased number of notes within an octave compared to the standard 12-tone system, 31-tone music can sound quite different to the untrained ear. It allows for smoother voice leading and more nuanced harmonic progressions than standard equal temperament. The system is noted for its ability to accurately represent major and minor thirds, perfect fifths, and even intervals like the septimal minor third and major seventh. While not widely adopted in mainstream music, 31-tone temperament remains a significant area of interest for microtonal musicians and researchers.