2Danimaatioon

2D animation refers to the creation of movement in a two-dimensional space, using a sequence of drawings or images displayed in succession. It encompasses traditional hand-drawn cel animation, digital vector and bitmap techniques, and modern rig-based systems that simulate movement while using fewer drawings. It is distinct from 3D animation, which creates motion in three dimensions.

The history of 2D animation spans from early 20th-century experiments in frame-by-frame drawing to the widespread use of cel animation in the 1930s. The digital revolution began in the 1990s with software such as Macromedia Flash and later Adobe Animate, enabling web animation and broadcast production.

Techniques include frame-by-frame animation, where each drawing is created for every frame; tweening or interpolation to generate intermediate frames; cut-out and rig-based animation using hierarchical parts; rotoscoping that traces live-action footage; and vector-based or bitmap painting used for final rendering.

The typical workflow combines concept art, storyboarding, animatics, layout, animation, coloring, and compositing with sound design. Common tools include Toon Boom Harmony, Adobe Animate, TVPaint, Synfig, Krita, and various vector editors. Studios and independent artists often blend methods to achieve a desired style or production efficiency.

2D animation remains widely used in television, film, web cartoons, and game cutscenes. Its strengths include stylistic variety and lower production costs relative to full 3D animation. Trends include hybrid 2D/3D visuals, more sophisticated rig systems, and ongoing openness of open-source software.