222Trifluoroethanol

2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol, commonly abbreviated as TFE, is an organofluorine compound with the formula C2HF3O. It consists of a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon bearing three fluorine atoms (HO-CH2-CF3). It is a colorless, highly polar liquid used as a solvent and as an intermediate in organic synthesis. The presence of the trifluoromethyl group withdraws electron density from the hydroxyl-bearing carbon, increasing the acidity of the alcohol relative to ethanol. In aqueous solution, its pKa is around 12, making it a relatively stronger but still weak acid.

TFE is miscible with water and many organic solvents. The hydroxyl group enables hydrogen bonding, while the CF3 substituent imparts high polarity and reduces nucleophilicity. It is sensitive to strong bases and oxidants and can decompose under harsh conditions. As a solvent, it provides a highly polar, non-nucleophilic medium that can stabilize carbocations and facilitate certain acid- or fluoro-reagent–mediated transformations. Because of its properties, it is used in specialized organic synthesis and as a solvent in certain polymerization and fluorination workflows.

Applications are mainly in research and industry as a polar solvent and as an intermediate in the preparation of fluorinated building blocks. It can serve as a medium for transformations requiring strong solvation and for reactions where traditional nonfluorinated alcohols are less effective. Its role as a reagent or solvent is largely dictated by the needs for high polarity and the ability to stabilize reactive intermediates in fluorinated chemistry.

Safety: TFE is corrosive and toxic by inhalation or ingestion. It is flammable and should be handled in appropriate ventilation with proper PPE. Use away from oxidizers and contain spills with inert absorbents.