19291976

1929–1976 denotes a span in modern history characterized by economic upheaval, world conflict, geopolitical realignments, and rapid social change. The period begins with the stock market crash of 1929, which triggered the Great Depression and reshaped political economies across continents through reforms, public works, and welfare policies. Recovery varied by country but often involved state intervention and reforms that broadened social safety nets.

World War II transformed international power structures, leading to the creation of the United Nations and the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as dominant powers. The postwar era saw rapid economic growth in many regions, mass political movements, and the process of decolonization as former colonies gained independence. The Cold War defined international relations for decades, with competing ideologies, alliances, and proxy conflicts.

Technological and cultural developments accelerated. The space age symbolized scientific progress, while mass media, education, and urbanization transformed daily life. Movements for civil rights, gender equality, and social reform challenged established hierarchies and expanded participation in politics and culture across many countries.

The 1970s introduced new economic pressures, energy concerns, and political shifts, even as institutions matured. By 1976, the world had entered a phase of transformation that set the stage for subsequent globalization, regional integration, and reforms across political, economic, and social spheres.