19001999

19001999 refers to the period spanning the years 1900 to 1999, commonly treated as the 20th century. It was defined by rapid modernization, population growth, and profound political and cultural change across the world.

Politics and conflict: The century saw two world wars, revolutions, and many regional conflicts. World War II reshaped borders and institutions, and in 1945 the United Nations was founded. The Cold War (roughly 1947–1991) defined geopolitics, influenced decolonization, and spurred scientific and economic competition. The period ended with waves of democratization and globalization.

Science, technology, and everyday life: Aviation, motor vehicles, telephone, and later radio and television transformed communication and mobility. The mid-20th century saw the rise of computers, rocket science, and space exploration, culminating in the first Moon landings in 1969. The late decades brought microprocessors, the internet, mobile communications, and information systems that reshaped economies and culture.

Society and culture: Social movements expanded rights for women and ethnic minorities, while labor and education systems evolved. Modernist and postmodern currents influenced art, literature, architecture, film, and music. Living standards generally rose in many regions, even as disparities persisted.

Economy and demography: The Great Depression of the 1930s highlighted economic volatility, followed by postwar growth and the expansion of consumer economies. Global population grew and urbanization accelerated, with significant migration shaping cities and regions.

Legacy: The 1900s–1990s established political borders, scientific paradigms, and cultural practices that continue to influence the 21st century.