18751965

1875–1965 is a broad historical span that covers the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. This era saw rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the expansion of global trade and empire in many regions. Technological innovations transformed everyday life and economies, including electricity, telecommunications, motorized transport, and advances in medicine and science.

During this period, major geopolitical developments reshaped the world. Imperial powers expanded overseas colonies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, followed by upheavals from two world wars. World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945) had profound political, social, and economic consequences. The interwar years saw economic volatility and the Great Depression of the 1930s. After 1945, the world entered the Cold War era, with decolonization movements and rapid political realignments in many regions.

Society experienced significant changes: urban growth, the spread of public education, the expansion of women's suffrage in various countries, labor movements, and the rise of mass culture through film, radio, and print media.

Scientific and cultural life saw paradigm shifts: revolutions in physics and chemistry, early computing and automation, advances in aviation, medicine, and energy technology, and the emergence of global scientific communities and international institutions.

By 1965, many regions had emerged from or were recovering from global conflict, while others faced continued colonial governance or regional tensions. The 1875–1965 span is often used to mark the transition from 19th-century industrial society to the broader social, political, and technological transformations that define the mid-20th century.