12VoltBatterie

A 12-Volt Batterie, commonly abbreviated as 12V battery, is a rechargeable energy storage device that provides electrical power at a nominal voltage around 12 volts. It is widely used in automotive systems to start and power vehicles, but also serves in motorcycles, marine equipment, renewable energy installations, and backup power applications.

The most prevalent chemistry for 12V batteries is lead-based, including flooded (wet) lead-acid, absorbed glass mat (AGM), and gel variants. In recent years, lithium-based 12V batteries, especially lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), have gained popularity for longer life and higher usable depth of discharge. Each chemistry offers different advantages in terms of cost, cycle life, maintenance, temperature tolerance, and safety.

Performance is described by capacity and energy. Capacity is measured in ampere-hours (Ah) and indicates how much current the battery can deliver over time. Energy, measured in watt-hours (Wh), depends on both voltage and capacity. A typical 12V battery must be kept within specified voltage ranges during charging and discharging to avoid damage and reduce longevity.

Charging and usage require attention to proper voltages and procedures. Lead-acid types generally require charging voltages around 13.8 to 14.4 V and can suffer from overcharging or deep discharge if misused. LiFePO4 variants have different charging profiles, often up to about 14.4 V, with longer cycle life and higher tolerance for deeper discharge.

Safety and disposal considerations include handling acidic components, avoiding venting under fault conditions, and recycling in accordance with local regulations. 12V batteries play a central role in both mobility and stationary power systems, with ongoing developments in chemistry and management systems aimed at improving efficiency and lifespan.