1100luvun

1100luvun is a term referring to the 12th century, a period in European history roughly spanning from the years 1100 to 1199. This era witnessed significant developments across various spheres of life, including politics, religion, culture, and economy. The feudal system remained a dominant political structure, though nascent forms of centralized monarchies began to emerge in some regions. Religious life was heavily influenced by the ongoing Crusades, which aimed to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim rule and had profound social and political consequences. The Catholic Church held considerable power and influence throughout Europe, playing a key role in intellectual and artistic pursuits.

Culturally, the 12th century saw the rise of Romanesque architecture, characterized by its massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy pillars, and decorative arcading. Universities began to establish themselves, becoming centers of learning and scholarship, particularly in fields like theology and law. Vernacular literature started to gain traction alongside Latin, with epic poems and romances reflecting the ideals of chivalry and courtly love. Economically, there was a gradual increase in trade and commerce, leading to the growth of towns and cities. Agricultural innovations contributed to a larger population, and the development of guilds organized urban artisans and merchants. The 12th century thus laid important groundwork for many of the transformations that would characterize the subsequent medieval period.