0xA9

0xA9 is a hexadecimal byte value equal to 169 in decimal. In computing, it is commonly used in memory dumps, data representations, and source code as a concise way to denote a single 8-bit value.

In character encoding, 0xA9 corresponds to the Unicode code point U+00A9, which is the copyright sign ©. This mapping is the same in many extended ASCII-derived encodings such as ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) and Windows-1252, where the byte 0xA9 represents ©. In UTF-8, the same character is encoded with two bytes: 0xC2 0xA9.

Representations of 0xA9 appear in various software contexts. In HTML, the copyright symbol can be written as ©, ©, or ©, with the latter two using decimal or hexadecimal numeric character references. In programming languages, 0xA9 is a common hex literal used to specify a byte value or to form bit patterns.

In microprocessor architecture, 0xA9 has a specific meaning depending on the instruction set. For example, in the 6502 microprocessor, 0xA9 is the opcode for LDA immediate, which loads the accumulator with a value supplied directly in the instruction. Other architectures assign different instructions to the same byte value, so the meaning of 0xA9 is architecture-specific.

Overall, 0xA9 is a concise hex representation that frequently appears in data encoding, digital typography, and low-level programming, often carrying the dual roles of a numeric byte and, in character-oriented contexts, a symbol (©) when interpreted as a character.