þrautum

þrautum refers to a concept found in Old Norse literature and mythology, particularly within the context of heroic poetry and the *Poetic Edda*. The term is derived from Old Norse and generally translates to "strength" or "power," often associated with the physical and moral fortitude of warriors. In Norse culture, þrautum was a highly valued trait, reflecting both physical prowess and the ability to endure hardship, which were essential qualities for a hero.

The term appears in various poetic passages, such as those describing the exploits of legendary figures like Sigurd (Siegfried) or the exploits of Odin himself. For instance, in the *Völuspá* ("Prophecy of the Völva"), the goddess Völva speaks of Odin’s sacrifice of himself on Yggdrasil, the World Tree, to gain wisdom, a demonstration of his immense þrautum. Similarly, in the *Hávamál* ("Sayings of the High One"), Odin emphasizes the importance of strength and resilience, urging warriors to cultivate þrautum as a means of survival and honor.

In Old Norse heroic poetry, þrautum often symbolizes the unyielding spirit of a warrior, their ability to face danger without flinching, and their commitment to duty. It was also linked to the concept of *berserkergang*, where warriors entered a trance-like state of heightened strength and ferocity. While þrautum was primarily a masculine virtue, it could also apply to women who demonstrated exceptional courage, such as Brynhildr, who embodied both strength and unwavering resolve.

The idea of þrautum reflects broader Norse values, emphasizing endurance, loyalty, and personal integrity. It was not merely physical strength but a holistic virtue that encompassed discipline, honor, and the willingness to endure suffering for the sake of glory or justice. The concept persists in modern interpretations of Norse mythology, often invoked in discussions of heroic ideals and the enduring legacy of Viking-age culture.