ónæmisskortur

Ónæmisskortur refers to a weakened or deficient immune system, making an individual more susceptible to infections and diseases. This deficiency can be congenital, meaning it is present from birth due to genetic factors, or acquired later in life. Acquired immunodeficiency can result from various factors including certain medications, malnutrition, chronic illnesses, or infections like HIV.

The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. When this system is compromised, it struggles to effectively identify and neutralize these threats. Symptoms of immunodeficiency vary depending on the severity and type of deficiency, but commonly include frequent and severe infections, slow healing of wounds, and persistent fatigue.

Diagnosis of immunodeficiency typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and specific laboratory tests to assess the function and components of the immune system. Treatment strategies aim to manage the underlying cause, prevent infections through prophylaxis or vaccination, and in some cases, replace missing immune components. For primary (congenital) immunodeficiencies, management is often lifelong. Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiencies may improve if the contributing factor is addressed. It is crucial for individuals experiencing recurrent or unusual infections to seek medical evaluation to determine if an underlying immunodeficiency is present.