éghajlatiszabályozásában

éghajlatszabályozás is a Hungarian term that translates to climate engineering or geoengineering. It refers to deliberate large-scale interventions in the Earth's climate system to counteract anthropogenic climate change. These interventions can be broadly categorized into two main approaches: solar radiation management (SRM) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR).

Solar radiation management aims to reduce the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth. Methods under consideration include stratospheric aerosol injection, which would mimic the cooling effect of large volcanic eruptions by injecting reflective particles into the stratosphere. Marine cloud brightening, another SRM technique, involves spraying seawater into low-lying clouds to increase their reflectivity. Space-based mirrors or sunshades have also been proposed, though these are considered far more technologically challenging and expensive.

Carbon dioxide removal focuses on extracting greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere. Direct air capture technologies aim to chemically capture CO2 from ambient air, which can then be stored underground or utilized. Afforestation and reforestation, the planting and regrowth of forests, are natural methods that absorb CO2. Enhanced weathering involves spreading crushed silicate rocks on land or at sea to accelerate the natural process of CO2 absorption. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) combines the burning of biomass for energy with capturing the resulting CO2 emissions for storage.

The research and potential deployment of éghajlatszabályozás technologies are subjects of significant scientific and ethical debate. Proponents argue that these methods could provide a vital tool to limit global warming, especially if emission reduction targets are not met. However, concerns exist regarding potential unintended consequences, such as changes in precipitation patterns, ozone depletion, and ethical considerations related to who decides on and controls such global interventions. The long-term effectiveness and reversibility of these technologies also remain areas of active investigation and discussion.