écussons

Écussons, also known as armorial bearings or coats of arms, are heraldic designs that serve as a unique visual identifier for individuals, families, or organizations. Historically, they originated in medieval Europe as a way to distinguish knights in battle, with their elaborate designs being painted onto shields and surcoats. Over time, these designs evolved into a complex system of heraldry with specific rules and conventions governing their creation and use.

The elements of an écusson typically include a shield, the central and most important component, which bears the primary design. Surrounding the shield, there may be other elements such as a helmet, mantling (a decorative cloth that drapes from the helmet), a crest (a small figure or object placed above the helmet), and supporters (figures that stand on either side of the shield, often animals or mythical creatures). The colors and symbols used in an écusson are not arbitrary; they carry specific meanings and follow established heraldic terminology.

Écussons are not merely decorative; they hold significant historical, legal, and cultural importance. In many countries, heraldic authorities regulate the granting and use of coats of arms to ensure their uniqueness and prevent misuse. They can represent lineage, achievements, or the identity of a corporate body. While their practical use in warfare has long since faded, écussons continue to be symbols of tradition, heritage, and identity in various contexts, from personal stationery and official seals to architectural embellishments and academic regalia.