Øyefotofølsomhet

Øyefotofølsomhet, also known as photophobia, is a medical term describing an abnormal intolerance to light. It is not a disease in itself but rather a symptom that can be associated with a wide range of underlying conditions affecting the eyes or the brain. Individuals experiencing photophobia may feel discomfort or pain when exposed to ordinary levels of light, leading them to squint or close their eyes. In severe cases, even dim light can be unbearable.

The causes of photophobia are diverse. Ocular conditions such as inflammation of the iris (iritis), inflammation of the cornea (keratitis), dry eye syndrome, and certain types of eye infections can lead to increased light sensitivity. Migraines are a very common cause of photophobia, with light often exacerbating the headache. Neurological conditions like meningitis, encephalitis, and brain tumors can also manifest with photophobia due to irritation of the central nervous system. Furthermore, certain medications, including some antibiotics and diuretics, can have photophobia as a side effect. Albinism, a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigment, also commonly results in severe photophobia.

Diagnosis of photophobia involves a thorough medical history and a comprehensive eye examination. Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for effective management. Treatment strategies vary depending on the specific diagnosis. For eye-related issues, treatments might include eye drops to reduce inflammation or address infection. For migraines, managing the migraine itself is key. In cases where photophobia is a symptom of a more serious neurological condition, prompt medical intervention is necessary. Protection from bright lights, such as wearing sunglasses or brimmed hats, can provide symptomatic relief.