Ådradissektion

Ådradissektion, also known as arterial dissection, is a serious medical condition where a tear occurs in the inner layer of an artery. This tear allows blood to flow between the layers of the artery wall, causing them to separate or dissect. While it can affect any artery in the body, it is most commonly seen in the aorta, the body's largest artery, and in the carotid and vertebral arteries, which supply blood to the brain.

The causes of ådradissektion are varied. High blood pressure is a significant risk factor, as it puts continuous strain on artery walls. Connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, can weaken artery walls, making them more susceptible to tearing. Trauma to the chest or neck, and in some cases, certain medical procedures, can also lead to dissection.

Symptoms of ådradissektion depend on the location and severity of the tear. Common symptoms include sudden, severe pain, often described as tearing or ripping, which may be felt in the chest, back, abdomen, or head. Other symptoms can include stroke-like symptoms such as weakness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking, or vision changes, if the dissection affects arteries supplying the brain. In aortic dissection, pulse differences between the arms or legs, and shortness of breath can occur.

Diagnosis typically involves medical imaging techniques such as CT angiography, MRI, or echocardiography to visualize the artery and confirm the presence of a dissection. Treatment strategies range from medical management with blood pressure control and medications to slow the heart rate, to surgical repair of the damaged artery, depending on the specific artery involved and the extent of the dissection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing life-threatening complications.