állampolgárságot

Állampolgárság refers to the legal status of belonging to a particular nation-state, bestowing upon individuals certain rights and responsibilities. It is the bond that connects a person to their country, defining their legal standing and relationship with its government. This status is typically acquired at birth, through descent from parents who are citizens of that country (jus sanguinis), or by being born within the territorial boundaries of the country (jus soli).

Citizenship can also be acquired through naturalization, a legal process by which a non-citizen can become a citizen of a country after meeting specific requirements. These often include a period of legal residency, knowledge of the country's language and culture, demonstrating good character, and sometimes renouncing previous citizenships. The acquisition and loss of citizenship are governed by the laws of each individual state.

Citizenship grants a range of rights, which can vary by country but commonly include the right to vote, to hold public office, to protection by the state both domestically and abroad, and the right to reside and work in the country. Correspondingly, citizens have responsibilities, such as obeying the laws, paying taxes, and in some nations, performing military service. Dual citizenship, where an individual holds citizenship in more than one country, is permitted by some states and prohibited by others. The concept of állampolgárság is fundamental to the modern international system, defining who belongs to a political community and is subject to its jurisdiction.