Állampolgárság

Állampolgárság, often translated as citizenship, refers to the status of belonging to a particular sovereign state. It signifies a legal and political bond between an individual and a country, granting certain rights and imposing certain obligations. Key rights typically associated with citizenship include the right to vote, to hold public office, to reside permanently within the country, and to receive protection from the state. Obligations may include paying taxes, obeying laws, and, in some countries, military service.

Citizenship can be acquired in several ways. Jus sanguinis, or the right of blood, grants citizenship based on the citizenship of one's parents, regardless of birthplace. Jus soli, or the right of soil, grants citizenship based on being born within the territory of the state. Naturalization is another common method, where a foreign national can acquire citizenship after fulfilling specific residency, language, and knowledge requirements, and demonstrating loyalty to the country. In some cases, citizenship can be lost through renunciation, revocation, or by acquiring the citizenship of another state, depending on the laws of the originating country. The concept of citizenship is fundamental to the functioning of modern nation-states, defining who is a member of the political community and thus entitled to participate in its governance and benefit from its protections.