állampolgársággal

Állampolgárság, or citizenship, refers to the legal status of belonging to a particular nation-state. It signifies membership in a political community and confers upon the individual a set of rights and responsibilities. These rights typically include the ability to vote, hold public office, and receive protection from the state, both domestically and internationally. Responsibilities often entail obeying laws, paying taxes, and, in some cases, performing military service.

Citizenship can be acquired through several means. The most common is by birth, often determined by jus soli (right of soil), where one is a citizen if born within the country's territory, or jus sanguinis (right of blood), where citizenship is inherited from one or both parents. Naturalization is another significant pathway, allowing eligible foreign nationals to become citizens after fulfilling specific residency, language, and other requirements. In some instances, citizenship can also be acquired through marriage to a citizen of another country, though this is usually a simplified form of naturalization.

Renouncing or losing citizenship is also possible, typically through a formal declaration of renunciation or by acquiring citizenship in another country without relinquishing the original one, depending on the laws of the respective states. Dual citizenship, where an individual holds citizenship in more than one country simultaneously, is permitted by many nations but not all. The concept of citizenship is fundamental to the modern nation-state system, defining who belongs to a country and who does not.