Þroskahömlun

Þroskahömlun, also known as intellectual disability, is a developmental condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. These limitations are present before the age of 18 and affect a person's ability to learn, problem-solve, and adapt to everyday life. Intellectual functioning is typically measured by intelligence quotient (IQ) tests, with scores below 70 generally indicating intellectual disability. Adaptive behavior encompasses conceptual, social, and practical skills needed for daily living, such as communication, self-care, social skills, and the use of community resources.

The causes of þroskahömlun are diverse and can arise from genetic factors, problems during pregnancy, or difficulties in infancy and early childhood. Genetic conditions like Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome are well-known causes. Complications during pregnancy, such as maternal infections or exposure to certain substances, can also lead to intellectual disability. Infections in infancy, severe head injuries, or lack of oxygen to the brain can also contribute. In many cases, the specific cause remains unknown.

Individuals with þroskahömlun vary widely in their abilities and needs. Support and early intervention are crucial for maximizing their potential and promoting independence. This can include specialized educational programs, therapies, and community support services. With appropriate assistance, individuals with intellectual disability can lead fulfilling lives, participate in their communities, and achieve personal goals.