Öljyluokitukset

Öljyluokitukset, or oil classifications, are systems used to categorize and grade lubricants based on their properties and performance characteristics. These classifications are crucial for ensuring that the correct lubricant is used for a specific application, thereby optimizing equipment performance, extending service life, and preventing damage.

One of the most widely recognized classification systems is the API (American Petroleum Institute) classification. The API categorizes engine oils for gasoline and diesel engines. For gasoline engines, classifications typically begin with "S" (Service) followed by a letter, indicating the level of protection and performance. For example, API SN represents oils designed for modern engines with stringent emission requirements. For diesel engines, classifications begin with "C" (Commercial) followed by a letter, such as API CJ-4, which is suitable for heavy-duty diesel engines.

Another important classification is the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) viscosity grade. Viscosity refers to an oil's resistance to flow. SAE grades, such as 5W-30 or 15W-40, indicate the oil's viscosity at different temperatures. The "W" stands for winter, and the lower the number before "W," the thinner the oil is at cold temperatures, allowing for easier engine starting. The second number indicates the viscosity at operating temperature.

Other organizations, like ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers' Association), also provide their own classifications, often with more specific requirements for European vehicles. These classifications consider factors such as fuel economy, exhaust after-treatment systems, and specific engine technologies. Industrial lubricants also have their own classification systems tailored to the diverse needs of machinery in manufacturing and other sectors. Understanding these öljyluokitukset is essential for maintenance professionals and vehicle owners alike.